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				IMSS - IV.5C. The Molding Process</title>
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<td align="center"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_a_apice1rs.jpg" name="ingrandimento" alt="IV.5C.a1" border="1" class="leoimggalleria"></td>
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<td width="240" colspan="3" align="left"><span><span id="Filmato"></span></span><br><span class="leotitoloimmag"><span id="testoTitolo">IV.5C.a1</span></span><span class="leodidascalia"><span id="testoDida"><br>Clay model for casting the horse for the Sforza monument<br/>Reconstruction in scale of 1:7 after Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II and Royal Collection, Windsor, 12321r; P 92r<br/>Opera Laboratori Fiorentini<br/>The original model was destroyed by Gascon archers during the French occupation of Milan in 1499.</span></span></td>
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<td><span class="parent-liv1">[</span><span class="numeri-liv2">IV.5C</span>  <span class="titolo-liv2">The Molding Process</span><span class="parent-liv1">]</span></td>
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<p><campo tipocampo="T" nome="txtxml" style=""><div class="Section1" xmlns:w="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:WX="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/auxHint" xmlns:aml="http://schemas.microsoft.com/aml/2001/core" xmlns:w10="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word">
<p class="Normal-P" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span class="Normal-H">Leonardo&#8217;s desire to make the gigantic monument in a single casting led him to develop a molding method that would produce a casting of uniform thickness and lighter weight.</span></p>
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<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/a.gif" alt="a" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_a_apice1r.gif" alt="IV.5C.a1" name="img0a" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_a_apice1rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Clay model for casting the horse for the Sforza monument<br/>Reconstruction in scale of 1:7 after Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II and Royal Collection, Windsor, 12321r; P 92r<br/>Opera Laboratori Fiorentini<br/>The original model was destroyed by Gascon archers during the French occupation of Milan in 1499.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.a1'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_a_apice1r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_a_apice1r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_a_apice1rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Clay model for casting the horse for the Sforza monument<br/>Reconstruction in scale of 1:7 after Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II and Royal Collection, Windsor, 12321r; P 92r<br/>Opera Laboratori Fiorentini<br/>The original model was destroyed by Gascon archers during the French occupation of Milan in 1499.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.a1';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13778';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_a_apice2r.gif" alt="IV.5C.a2" name="img1a" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(1,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_a_apice2rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Casting mold for the legs<br/>Opera Laboratori Fiorentini'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.a2'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_a_apice2r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_a_apice2r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_a_apice2rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Casting mold for the legs<br/>Opera Laboratori Fiorentini';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.a2';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='23409';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
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<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/b.gif" alt="b" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_br.gif" alt="IV.5C.b" name="img0b" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_brs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Codex Atlanticus, 577v<br/>Clay model of the Sforza monument inside the crate used to transport it.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.b'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_br.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_br.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_brs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Codex Atlanticus, 577v<br/>Clay model of the Sforza monument inside the crate used to transport it.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.b';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13779';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
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<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/c.gif" alt="c" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_cr.gif" alt="IV.5C.c" name="img0c" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_crs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12348r; P 108r<br/>Section view of casting mold showing the positioning of the core inside one of the two halves.<br/>The casting mold consists of a &quot;cape&quot; (outer mold) and a &quot;male&quot; (casting core). The relationship of constant reciprocity between the concave imprint of the mold and the convex one of the core creates a hollow space for the molten bronze, which follows, on both the outer and the inner surface, the profile of the model.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.c'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_cr.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_cr.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_crs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12348r; P 108r<br/>Section view of casting mold showing the positioning of the core inside one of the two halves.<br/>The casting mold consists of a "cape" (outer mold) and a "male" (casting core). The relationship of constant reciprocity between the concave imprint of the mold and the convex one of the core creates a hollow space for the molten bronze, which follows, on both the outer and the inner surface, the profile of the model.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.c';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13780';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
</li>
</div>
<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/d.gif" alt="d" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_dr.gif" alt="IV.5C.d" name="img0d" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_drs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12346r; P 109r<br/>Study of casting core.<br/>On the outline of the horse is shown the thickness to be removed to create the hollow space into which the bronze will be poured.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.d'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_dr.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_dr.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_drs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12346r; P 109r<br/>Study of casting core.<br/>On the outline of the horse is shown the thickness to be removed to create the hollow space into which the bronze will be poured.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.d';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13781';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
</li>
</div>
<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/e.gif" alt="e" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_er.gif" alt="IV.5C.e" name="img0e" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_ers.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 142v<br/>Shaped profile for joining the tesserae of which the mold is made.<br/>Into the dovetail groove was poured plaster which, when hardened, would consolidate the welding.<br/>The various stages in the molding process devised by Leonardo consist of: 1) making a cast of the model with superimposed layers of clay; 2) cutting it into pieces (tesserae); 3) constructing the outer mold in two halves by assembling the tesserae of the cast; 4) evenly applying a malleable material (wax or potter|s earth) for the negative impression of the hollow space into which the bronze will be poured; 5) constructing the casting core.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.e'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_er.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_er.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_ers.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 142v<br/>Shaped profile for joining the tesserae of which the mold is made.<br/>Into the dovetail groove was poured plaster which, when hardened, would consolidate the welding.<br/>The various stages in the molding process devised by Leonardo consist of: 1) making a cast of the model with superimposed layers of clay; 2) cutting it into pieces (tesserae); 3) constructing the outer mold in two halves by assembling the tesserae of the cast; 4) evenly applying a malleable material (wax or potter|s earth) for the negative impression of the hollow space into which the bronze will be poured; 5) constructing the casting core.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.e';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13782';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
</li>
</div>
<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/f.gif" alt="f" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_fr.gif" alt="IV.5C.f" name="img0f" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_frs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 142r<br/>Mold tessera used to test the resistance of the material to heat and humidity.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.f'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_fr.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_fr.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_frs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 142r<br/>Mold tessera used to test the resistance of the material to heat and humidity.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.f';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13783';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
</li>
</div>
<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/g.gif" alt="g" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_gr.gif" alt="IV.5C.g" name="img0g" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_grs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12351v; P 110r<br/>Section view of the casting mold.<br/>Note the hollow space into which the molten bronze is poured and the casting core without legs. The latter would have been cast full and thus require no inner core.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.g'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_gr.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_gr.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_grs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12351v; P 110r<br/>Section view of the casting mold.<br/>Note the hollow space into which the molten bronze is poured and the casting core without legs. The latter would have been cast full and thus require no inner core.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.g';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13784';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
</li>
</div>
<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/h.gif" alt="h" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_hr.gif" alt="IV.5C.h" name="img0h" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_hrs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Outer mold divided into two halves and casting core<br/>Reconstruction in scale of 1:7 after Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II and Royal Collection, Windsor<br/>Opera Laboratori Fiorentini<br/>The tesserae are embedded and assembled by means of special anchoring systems fixed by bolts.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.h'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_hr.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_hr.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_hrs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Outer mold divided into two halves and casting core<br/>Reconstruction in scale of 1:7 after Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II and Royal Collection, Windsor<br/>Opera Laboratori Fiorentini<br/>The tesserae are embedded and assembled by means of special anchoring systems fixed by bolts.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.h';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13785';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
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</div>
<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/i.gif" alt="i" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_i_apice1r.gif" alt="IV.5C.i1" name="img0i" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_i_apice1rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 157r<br/>Casting mold of the head and neck.<br/>Under the iron reinforcement rods can be seen the lines between the tesserae of which the mold is composed.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.i1'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_i_apice1r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_i_apice1r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_i_apice1rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 157r<br/>Casting mold of the head and neck.<br/>Under the iron reinforcement rods can be seen the lines between the tesserae of which the mold is composed.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.i1';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13786';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_i_apice2r.gif" alt="IV.5C.i2" name="img1i" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(1,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_i_apice2rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Casting mold of the head and neck<br/>Reconstruction in scale of 1:7 after Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 157r<br/>Opera Laboratori Fiorentini'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.i2'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_i_apice2r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_i_apice2r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_i_apice2rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Casting mold of the head and neck<br/>Reconstruction in scale of 1:7 after Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 157r<br/>Opera Laboratori Fiorentini';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.i2';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13787';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
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</div>
<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/j.gif" alt="j" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_j_apice1r.gif" alt="IV.5.C.j1" name="img0j" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_j_apice1rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 145r<br/>Cross-section of the casting mold for the tail.<br/>Leonardo intended to cast the tail separately from the horse, realizing that its highly complex shape could obstruct the flow of the molten bronze.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5.C.j1'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_j_apice1r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_j_apice1r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_j_apice1rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 145r<br/>Cross-section of the casting mold for the tail.<br/>Leonardo intended to cast the tail separately from the horse, realizing that its highly complex shape could obstruct the flow of the molten bronze.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5.C.j1';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13788';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_j_apice2r.gif" alt="IV.5C.j2" name="img1j" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(1,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_j_apice2rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Casting mold for the tail<br/>Reconstruction in scale of 1:7 after Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 145r<br/>Opera Laboratori Fiorentini'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.j2'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_j_apice2r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_j_apice2r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_j_apice2rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Casting mold for the tail<br/>Reconstruction in scale of 1:7 after Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 145r<br/>Opera Laboratori Fiorentini';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.j2';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13789';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
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</div>
<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/k.gif" alt="k" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_kr.gif" alt="IV.5C.k" name="img0k" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_krs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 157v<br/>Internal structure of the &quot;male&quot; and ribs for closing the mold.<br/>After the two halves of the core have been closed, the mold is consolidated with metal ribs corresponding to those inside the male, to which they are solidly connected by crosspieces fixed with wedge-shaped pins.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.k'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_kr.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_kr.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_krs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 157v<br/>Internal structure of the "male" and ribs for closing the mold.<br/>After the two halves of the core have been closed, the mold is consolidated with metal ribs corresponding to those inside the male, to which they are solidly connected by crosspieces fixed with wedge-shaped pins.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.k';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13790';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
</li>
</div>
<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/l.gif" alt="l" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_lr.gif" alt="IV.5C.l" name="img0l" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_lrs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Codex Atlanticus, 1104vc<br/>Studies on the internal structure of the male.<br/>The armature of the head is detachable, allowing this part to be constructed separately.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.l'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_lr.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_lr.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_lrs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Codex Atlanticus, 1104vc<br/>Studies on the internal structure of the male.<br/>The armature of the head is detachable, allowing this part to be constructed separately.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.l';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13791';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
</li>
</div>
<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/m.gif" alt="m" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_mr.gif" alt="IV.5C.m" name="img0m" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_mrs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 145v<br/>Cross-section of casting mold.<br/>The hollow space and the system for closing the mold halves over the core by means of bolts can be seen.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.m'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_mr.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_mr.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_mrs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 145v<br/>Cross-section of casting mold.<br/>The hollow space and the system for closing the mold halves over the core by means of bolts can be seen.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.m';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13792';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
</li>
</div>
<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/n.gif" alt="n" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_nr.gif" alt="IV.5C.n" name="img0n" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_nrs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 149v<br/>Cross-section of casting mold.<br/>The hollow space and the casting core vent are shown.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.n'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_nr.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_nr.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_nrs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 149v<br/>Cross-section of casting mold.<br/>The hollow space and the casting core vent are shown.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.n';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13793';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
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</div>
<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/o.gif" alt="o" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_or.gif" alt="IV.5C.o" name="img0o" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_ors.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 149r<br/>Casting mold viewed from above. The opening over the horse|s back, providing access to the interior of the casting core for filling and re-firing, can be seen; at the end of the casting process it was used to empty the statue.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.o'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_or.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_or.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_ors.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 149r<br/>Casting mold viewed from above. The opening over the horse|s back, providing access to the interior of the casting core for filling and re-firing, can be seen; at the end of the casting process it was used to empty the statue.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.o';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13794';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
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</div>
<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/p.gif" alt="p" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_pr.gif" alt="IV.5C.p" name="img0p" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_prs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 156r<br/>Shims for centering the core and keeping it in position inside the mold.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.p'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_pr.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_pr.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_prs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 156r<br/>Shims for centering the core and keeping it in position inside the mold.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.p';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13795';
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<pre><img src="images/q.gif" alt="q" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_qr.gif" alt="IV.5C.q" name="img0q" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_qrs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 156v<br/>Systems for fastening and anchoring the casting rods.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.q'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_qr.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_qr.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
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				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 156v<br/>Systems for fastening and anchoring the casting rods.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.q';
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<pre><img src="images/r.gif" alt="r" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_rr.gif" alt="IV.5C.r" name="img0r" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_rrs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 155r<br/>Casting rods for the neck and throat.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.r'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_rr.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_rr.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
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				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II, 155r<br/>Casting rods for the neck and throat.';
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<pre><img src="images/s.gif" alt="s" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_sr.gif" alt="IV.5C.s" name="img0s" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_srs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Cast of the model and construction of the casting core<br/>Video animation after Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II and Royal Collection, Windsor<br/>IMSS multimedia laboratory<br/>The video shows the various stages of constructing the casting core: 1) cutting the tesserae; 2) technique of assembling the tesserae; 3) molding the body; 4) molding the head; 5) molding the tail.'), aggiustaApici('IV.5C.s'), '14060')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_sr.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/IV_5_C_sr.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
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				didascalie[totIcone]='Cast of the model and construction of the casting core<br/>Video animation after Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. II and Royal Collection, Windsor<br/>IMSS multimedia laboratory<br/>The video shows the various stages of constructing the casting core: 1) cutting the tesserae; 2) technique of assembling the tesserae; 3) molding the body; 4) molding the head; 5) molding the tail.';
				titolo[totIcone]='IV.5C.s';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13798';
				filmato[totIcone]='14060';
			</script></pre>
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