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				IMSS - III.1A. The World of the "Arts"</title>
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<td align="center"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_ars.jpg" name="ingrandimento" alt="III.1A.a" border="1" class="leoimggalleria"></td>
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<td width="240" colspan="3" align="left"><span><span id="Filmato"></span></span><br><span class="leotitoloimmag"><span id="testoTitolo">III.1A.a</span></span><span class="leodidascalia"><span id="testoDida"><br>Francesco di Giorgio, <i>Trattato di architettura civile e militare</i><br/>Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence, Ms. Ashb. 361, 27v-28r<br/>This codex was read and annotated by Leonardo in Florence around 1506. Unsatisfied by Francesco di Giorgio's definition, Leonardo makes a distinction between "mathematical point" and "natural point" in a note to this sheet.</span></span></td>
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<td><span class="parent-liv1">[</span><span class="numeri-liv2">III.1A</span>  <span class="titolo-liv2">The World of the "Arts"</span><span class="parent-liv1">]</span></td>
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<p><campo tipocampo="T" nome="txtxml" style=""><div class="Section1" xmlns:w="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:WX="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/auxHint" xmlns:aml="http://schemas.microsoft.com/aml/2001/core" xmlns:w10="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word">
<p class="Normal-P" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span class="Normal-H">Leonardo was primarily an engineer and an artist; in this environment he worked and spent most of his life, drawing from it crucially important intellectual stimuli. This section documents some of the most significant of these, which contributed in various ways to defining the concepts developed by Leonardo in the fields of painting, sculpture, architecture and military art.</span></p>
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<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/a.gif" alt="a" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_ar.gif" alt="III.1A.a" name="img0a" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_ars.jpg', aggiustaApici('Francesco di Giorgio, <i>Trattato di architettura civile e militare</i><br/>Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence, Ms. Ashb. 361, 27v-28r<br/>This codex was read and annotated by Leonardo in Florence around 1506. Unsatisfied by Francesco di Giorgio|s definition, Leonardo makes a distinction between &quot;mathematical point&quot; and &quot;natural point&quot; in a note to this sheet.'), aggiustaApici('III.1A.a'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_ar.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_ar.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_ars.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Francesco di Giorgio, <i>Trattato di architettura civile e militare</i><br/>Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence, Ms. Ashb. 361, 27v-28r<br/>This codex was read and annotated by Leonardo in Florence around 1506. Unsatisfied by Francesco di Giorgio|s definition, Leonardo makes a distinction between "mathematical point" and "natural point" in a note to this sheet.';
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				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13448';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
</li>
</div>
<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/b.gif" alt="b" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_br.gif" alt="III.1A.b" name="img0b" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_brs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leon Battista Alberti, <i>Elementa picturae</i><br/>Biblioteca Riccardiana, Florence, 927, 1v-2r<br/>In the Codex Atlanticus (683v) Leonardo transcribes into the vernacular the first seven propositions of Alberti|s treatise, with the &quot;geometric&quot; and &quot;pictorial&quot; definitions of point, line, surface, body and &quot;edge&quot;.'), aggiustaApici('III.1A.b'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_br.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_br.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_brs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leon Battista Alberti, <i>Elementa picturae</i><br/>Biblioteca Riccardiana, Florence, 927, 1v-2r<br/>In the Codex Atlanticus (683v) Leonardo transcribes into the vernacular the first seven propositions of Alberti|s treatise, with the "geometric" and "pictorial" definitions of point, line, surface, body and "edge".';
				titolo[totIcone]='III.1A.b';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13449';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
</li>
</div>
<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/c.gif" alt="c" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_c_apice1r.gif" alt="III.1A.c1" name="img0c" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_c_apice1rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Ms. A, 40v-41r'), aggiustaApici('III.1A.c1'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_c_apice1r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_c_apice1r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
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				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Ms. A, 40v-41r';
				titolo[totIcone]='III.1A.c1';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13450';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_c_apice2r.gif" alt="III.1A.c2" name="img1c" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(1,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_c_apice2rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leon Battista Alberti, <i>De pictura</i><br/>Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence, II.VIII.58, 5v-6r<br/>From <i>De pictura</i> Leonardo learned &quot;legitimate&quot; perspective construction, of which however he immediately noted the limitations, such as the fixity of the viewing point and the need for a minimum distance between the painter|s eye and the object reproduced.'), aggiustaApici('III.1A.c2'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_c_apice2r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_c_apice2r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_c_apice2rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leon Battista Alberti, <i>De pictura</i><br/>Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence, II.VIII.58, 5v-6r<br/>From <i>De pictura</i> Leonardo learned "legitimate" perspective construction, of which however he immediately noted the limitations, such as the fixity of the viewing point and the need for a minimum distance between the painter|s eye and the object reproduced.';
				titolo[totIcone]='III.1A.c2';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13451';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
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<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/d.gif" alt="d" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_d_apice1r.gif" alt="III.1A.d1" name="img0d" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_d_apice1rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Codex Arundel, P 49r (66 r)'), aggiustaApici('III.1A.d1'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_d_apice1r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_d_apice1r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_d_apice1rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Codex Arundel, P 49r (66 r)';
				titolo[totIcone]='III.1A.d1';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13452';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_d_apice2r.gif" alt="III.1A.d2" name="img1d" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(1,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_d_apice2rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leon Battista Alberti, <i>Ludi matematici</i><br/>Biblioteca Riccardiana, Florence, 2110, 39r<br/>Leonardo contests the rule of the inverse proportion between balanced weights and their distance from the fulcrum, since Alberti &#8211; not sufficiently faithful to &quot;nature&quot; &#8211; has not taken into account the weight of the rods.'), aggiustaApici('III.1A.d2'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_d_apice2r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_d_apice2r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_d_apice2rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leon Battista Alberti, <i>Ludi matematici</i><br/>Biblioteca Riccardiana, Florence, 2110, 39r<br/>Leonardo contests the rule of the inverse proportion between balanced weights and their distance from the fulcrum, since Alberti &#8211; not sufficiently faithful to "nature" &#8211; has not taken into account the weight of the rods.';
				titolo[totIcone]='III.1A.d2';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13453';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
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<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/e.gif" alt="e" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_e_apice1r.gif" alt="III.1A.e1" name="img0e" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_e_apice1rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12603v'), aggiustaApici('III.1A.e1'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_e_apice1r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_e_apice1r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_e_apice1rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12603v';
				titolo[totIcone]='III.1A.e1';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13455';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_e_apice2r.gif" alt="III.1A.e2" name="img1e" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(1,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_e_apice2rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Piero della Francesca, <i>De prospectiva pingendi</i><br/>Biblioteca Panizzi, Reggio Emilia, Cod. Reggiano A 41/2, 78v-79r<br/>The perspective method for transforming a face viewed in profile into one in three-quarter view, appearing on Leonardo|s folio, is clearly derived from Piero|s treatise'), aggiustaApici('III.1A.e2'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_e_apice2r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_e_apice2r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_e_apice2rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Piero della Francesca, <i>De prospectiva pingendi</i><br/>Biblioteca Panizzi, Reggio Emilia, Cod. Reggiano A 41/2, 78v-79r<br/>The perspective method for transforming a face viewed in profile into one in three-quarter view, appearing on Leonardo|s folio, is clearly derived from Piero|s treatise';
				titolo[totIcone]='III.1A.e2';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13456';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
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<pre><img src="images/f.gif" alt="f" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_f_apice1r.gif" alt="III.1A.f1" name="img0f" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_f_apice1rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, <i>Vitruvian Man</i>, Gallerie dell|Accademia, Venice, 228r'), aggiustaApici('III.1A.f1'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_f_apice1r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_f_apice1r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_f_apice1rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, <i>Vitruvian Man</i>, Gallerie dell|Accademia, Venice, 228r';
				titolo[totIcone]='III.1A.f1';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13511';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_f_apice2r.gif" alt="III.1A.f2" name="img1f" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(1,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_f_apice2rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Fra Giocondo da Verona, <i>Vitruvii de architectura</i>, Venice, Ioannis de Tridino, 1511<br/>Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence, Pal. D.1.2.5, 22r<br/>Leonardo transposes Vitruvius| description of the proportions of the human body into an image. In Fra Giocondo|s edition the concept is reiterated, but Leonardo|s image is broken down into two different illustrations.'), aggiustaApici('III.1A.f2'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_f_apice2r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_f_apice2r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_f_apice2rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Fra Giocondo da Verona, <i>Vitruvii de architectura</i>, Venice, Ioannis de Tridino, 1511<br/>Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence, Pal. D.1.2.5, 22r<br/>Leonardo transposes Vitruvius| description of the proportions of the human body into an image. In Fra Giocondo|s edition the concept is reiterated, but Leonardo|s image is broken down into two different illustrations.';
				titolo[totIcone]='III.1A.f2';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13518';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
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<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/g.gif" alt="g" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_g_apice1r.gif" alt="III.1A.g1" name="img0g" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_g_apice1rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Ms. B, 44r'), aggiustaApici('III.1A.g1'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_g_apice1r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_g_apice1r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/III_1_A_g_apice1rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Ms. B, 44r';
				titolo[totIcone]='III.1A.g1';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13543';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
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