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				IMSS - VI.2. Depicting the Human Body</title>
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<td align="center"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_ars.jpg" name="ingrandimento" alt="VI.2.a" border="1" class="leoimggalleria"></td>
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<td width="240" colspan="3" align="left"><span><span id="Filmato"></span></span><br><span class="leotitoloimmag"><span id="testoTitolo">VI.2.a</span></span><span class="leodidascalia"><span id="testoDida"><br>Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12603r; K/P 32r<br/>Section view of the head showing its various layers, resembling those of an onion</span></span></td>
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<td><span class="parent-liv1">[</span><span class="numeri-liv2">VI.2</span>  <span class="titolo-liv2">Depicting the Human Body</span><span class="parent-liv1">]</span></td>
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<p><campo tipocampo="T" nome="txtxml" style=""><div class="Section1" xmlns:w="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:WX="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/auxHint" xmlns:aml="http://schemas.microsoft.com/aml/2001/core" xmlns:w10="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word">
<p class="Normal-P" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span class="Normal-H">In his anatomical studies as well as in his studies of Mechanics, Leonardo developed innovative techniques of representation and graphical procedures. Here drawing becomes a method of analysis and a language able to record the processes and conclusions of experimentation and theoretical reasoning.</span></p>
<p class="Normal-P" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span class="Normal-H">The visual demonstration of the machine that the human body appears to be, recurs to the simultaneous delineation of form and function, of surface appearance and underlying structures, of the whole and its parts.</span></p>
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<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/a.gif" alt="a" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_ar.gif" alt="VI.2.a" name="img0a" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_ars.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12603r; K/P 32r<br/>Section view of the head showing its various layers, resembling those of an onion'), aggiustaApici('VI.2.a'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_ar.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_ar.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_ars.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12603r; K/P 32r<br/>Section view of the head showing its various layers, resembling those of an onion';
				titolo[totIcone]='VI.2.a';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13443';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
</li>
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<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/b.gif" alt="b" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_b_apice3r.gif" alt="VI.2.b3" name="img0b" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_b_apice3rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Views in rotation<br/>Video animation after Royal Collection, Windsor, 19005v; K/P 141v and 19008v; K/P 140v<br/>IMSS multimedia laboratory<br/>To provide a complete description of the muscles in the arm and shoulder, Leonardo sketches an almost cinematographic sequence. He states that rotation can be accomplished either by rotating the body itself or by having the observer move around it.'), aggiustaApici('VI.2.b3'), '14077')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_b_apice3r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_b_apice3r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_b_apice3rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Views in rotation<br/>Video animation after Royal Collection, Windsor, 19005v; K/P 141v and 19008v; K/P 140v<br/>IMSS multimedia laboratory<br/>To provide a complete description of the muscles in the arm and shoulder, Leonardo sketches an almost cinematographic sequence. He states that rotation can be accomplished either by rotating the body itself or by having the observer move around it.';
				titolo[totIcone]='VI.2.b3';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13458';
				filmato[totIcone]='14077';
			</script></pre>
</li>
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<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/c.gif" alt="c" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_c_apice1r.gif" alt="VI.2.c1" name="img0c" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_c_apice1rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12281r; K/P 122r<br/>Anatomy of the female body.<br/>In this transparent view, the internal organs and their location are shown.'), aggiustaApici('VI.2.c1'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_c_apice1r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_c_apice1r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_c_apice1rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12281r; K/P 122r<br/>Anatomy of the female body.<br/>In this transparent view, the internal organs and their location are shown.';
				titolo[totIcone]='VI.2.c1';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13459';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_c_apice2r.gif" alt="VI.2.c2" name="img1c" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(1,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_c_apice2rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Transparent view<br/>Model after Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12281r; K/P 122r<br/>Opera Laboratori Fiorentini<br/>Strict application of the rules of perspective in anatomical drawings allows Leonardo to conduct an extraordinary visual exploration into the depths of the human body. The image becomes a compendium of the knowledge he has acquired, presenting in a single figure the stratified layers of data obtained from his numerous anatomical dissections.'), aggiustaApici('VI.2.c2'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_c_apice2r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_c_apice2r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_c_apice2rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Transparent view<br/>Model after Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12281r; K/P 122r<br/>Opera Laboratori Fiorentini<br/>Strict application of the rules of perspective in anatomical drawings allows Leonardo to conduct an extraordinary visual exploration into the depths of the human body. The image becomes a compendium of the knowledge he has acquired, presenting in a single figure the stratified layers of data obtained from his numerous anatomical dissections.';
				titolo[totIcone]='VI.2.c2';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13460';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
</li>
</div>
<div align="left">
<li class="leoanteprime">
<pre><img src="images/d.gif" alt="d" width="47" height="60" align="absmiddle"><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice1r.gif" alt="VI.2.d1" name="img0d" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(0,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice1rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 19008r; K/P 140r<br/>Three views.<br/>The bone structure of the lower limb seen from three main viewpoints: frontal, rear and side. With this technique Leonardo manages to provide comprehensive information. In addition to the multiple views, Leonardo adopts a wide range of systems for representing anatomical data, according to the type of demonstration he intends to give.'), aggiustaApici('VI.2.d1'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice1r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice1r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice1rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 19008r; K/P 140r<br/>Three views.<br/>The bone structure of the lower limb seen from three main viewpoints: frontal, rear and side. With this technique Leonardo manages to provide comprehensive information. In addition to the multiple views, Leonardo adopts a wide range of systems for representing anatomical data, according to the type of demonstration he intends to give.';
				titolo[totIcone]='VI.2.d1';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13461';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice2r.gif" alt="VI.2.d2" name="img1d" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(1,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice2rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. I, 90v<br/>System of levers.<br/>Here the schematic representation is functional to the description of the joints (hip, knee and ankle), as part of Leonardo|s research aimed at designing an automaton.'), aggiustaApici('VI.2.d2'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice2r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice2r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice2rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Madrid Ms. I, 90v<br/>System of levers.<br/>Here the schematic representation is functional to the description of the joints (hip, knee and ankle), as part of Leonardo|s research aimed at designing an automaton.';
				titolo[totIcone]='VI.2.d2';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13462';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice3r.gif" alt="VI.2.d3" name="img2d" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(2,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice3rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 19035r; K/P 77r<br/>Nerves and veins of the left leg.<br/>In this drawing Leonardo transfigures the true aspect of the anatomical structure, to reveal its analogies with the functioning of mechanical instruments.'), aggiustaApici('VI.2.d3'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice3r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice3r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice3rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 19035r; K/P 77r<br/>Nerves and veins of the left leg.<br/>In this drawing Leonardo transfigures the true aspect of the anatomical structure, to reveal its analogies with the functioning of mechanical instruments.';
				titolo[totIcone]='VI.2.d3';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13463';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice4r.gif" alt="VI.2.d4" name="img3d" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(3,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice4rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 19011r; K/P 145r<br/>Exploded view.<br/>Bones of the foot and leg. Through this &quot;exploded&quot; view, Leonardo manages to evidence the individual elements that make up the whole, indicating their exact positions.'), aggiustaApici('VI.2.d4'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice4r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice4r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice4rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 19011r; K/P 145r<br/>Exploded view.<br/>Bones of the foot and leg. Through this "exploded" view, Leonardo manages to evidence the individual elements that make up the whole, indicating their exact positions.';
				titolo[totIcone]='VI.2.d4';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13464';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice5r.gif" alt="VI.2.d5" name="img4d" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(4,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice5rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor 12627v; K/P 4v<br/>Horizontal sections.<br/>Muscles, tendons and veins of the leg, showing horizontal sections at different heights.'), aggiustaApici('VI.2.d5'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice5r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice5r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice5rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor 12627v; K/P 4v<br/>Horizontal sections.<br/>Muscles, tendons and veins of the leg, showing horizontal sections at different heights.';
				titolo[totIcone]='VI.2.d5';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13465';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice6r.gif" alt="VI.2.d6" name="img5d" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(5,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice6rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12624v; K/P 112r<br/>Internal structure and surface appearance.<br/>Femur and femoral blood vessels. Through this drawing, Leonardo provides information on both the surface appearance and the underlying structures.'), aggiustaApici('VI.2.d6'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice6r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice6r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice6rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12624v; K/P 112r<br/>Internal structure and surface appearance.<br/>Femur and femoral blood vessels. Through this drawing, Leonardo provides information on both the surface appearance and the underlying structures.';
				titolo[totIcone]='VI.2.d6';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13466';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice7r.gif" alt="VI.2.d7" name="img6d" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(6,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice7rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12619r; K/P 152r<br/>Lines of force.<br/>The cords drawn by Leonardo in place of the muscles of the leg indicate its lines of force. This drawing was conceived for the construction of a model made of copper wires to be used for studying muscular physiology.'), aggiustaApici('VI.2.d7'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice7r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice7r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice7rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12619r; K/P 152r<br/>Lines of force.<br/>The cords drawn by Leonardo in place of the muscles of the leg indicate its lines of force. This drawing was conceived for the construction of a model made of copper wires to be used for studying muscular physiology.';
				titolo[totIcone]='VI.2.d7';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13467';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script><img src="http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice8r.gif" alt="VI.2.d8" name="img7d" hspace="2" align="absmiddle" onclick="cambiaImg(7,'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice8rs.jpg', aggiustaApici('Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12623r; K/P 83r<br/>Legs lunging forward.<br/>The refined shading evidences the muscles that enter into action in lunging: &quot;that muscle which is the most used, is the one most apparent.&quot; Leonardo considers this concept to be essential for the painter.'), aggiustaApici('VI.2.d8'), '')" style="cursor:pointer; border-color:#98907d" onmouseover="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice8r.gif', true)" onmouseout="cambiaBordo('http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice8r.gif', false)" border="1"><script>
				totIcone++;
				pathImm["img"+totIcone] = 'http://vitruvio.imss.fi.it/foto/mdl/VI_2_d_apice8rs.jpg';
				didascalie[totIcone]='Leonardo da Vinci, Royal Collection, Windsor, 12623r; K/P 83r<br/>Legs lunging forward.<br/>The refined shading evidences the muscles that enter into action in lunging: "that muscle which is the most used, is the one most apparent." Leonardo considers this concept to be essential for the painter.';
				titolo[totIcone]='VI.2.d8';
				chiaveImm[totIcone]='13468';
				filmato[totIcone]='';
			</script></pre>
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