Topbar Multimedia Catalogue Thematic Visits
Catalogue >  Thematic Visits > Galileo/Medicine and Biology/Optics
Origin and development of the microscope
 presentation
videoVideo Presentation:
arrowWindows Media | arrowQT Lo | arrowQT Hi

The origins of the microscope are linked to those of the telescope. The first microscopes, called compound microscopes, consisted of two or more lenses inserted into a rigid tube. The invention is attributed to Galileo, although, in the 17th C., the claim was contested by others. Giovanni Faber, a fellow of the Accademia dei Lincei, coined the word "microscope" to describe the instrument in 1625. The compound microscopes of the Italian Eustachio Divini and Giuseppe Campani testify to the significant improvements made to the instrument in the second half of the century, while, in England, Robert Hooke reached new levels of excellence. Other innovations were introduced in the 18th C. by English makers. The latter produced microscopes for the upper classes, who used the instrument for refined intellectual entertainment. The innovations mainly concerned the mechanical part of the instrument. By contrast, optical performances remained fairly poor because of spherical aberration and chromatic aberration. These were eliminated only in the first half of the 19th C., also thanks to the efforts of Giovan Battista Amici. The simple microscope, comprising a single lens, offered better optical performance. Having won acceptance in the second half of the 17th C., chiefly through the efforts of the Dutch naturalist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, the simple microscope—despite its clear limitations—was preferred by naturalists, especially for fieldwork and dissection.

 
.................................
Duc de Chaulnes's microscope (Inv. 3202) Compound microscope, part of body-tube (Inv. 1309) Compound microscope, Galilean (Inv. 3429) Compound microscope (Inv. 3247)
Compound microscope (Inv. 3245) Compound microscope (Inv. 3246) Compound microscope, body-tube (Inv. 3797) Compound microscope (Inv. 3206)
Simple microscope, aquatic (Inv. 3098) Compound microscope (Inv. 3248) Simple microscope, aquatic (Inv. 3233) Compound microscope, Cuff-type (Inv. 3204)
Solar microscope (Inv. 3229) Compound microscope (Inv. 3205) Simple microscope, dissecting (Inv. 3212) Compound microscope (Inv. 1223)
Compound and simple microscope, chest type (Inv. 3210) Chest type compound microscope (Inv. 3230) Simple microscope, dissecting (Inv. 3211) Compound microscope (Inv. 480, 3219, 3221)
Lucernal and compound microscope (Inv. 502, 1457, 3222, 3243) Solar microscope (Inv. 795) Optical compendium (Inv. 2681-2684) Simple microscope, pocket (Inv. 3239)
Compound microscope, Culpeper type (Inv. 3448) Compound microscope, Culpeper type (Inv. 3226) Compound microscope, Culpeper-type (Inv. 2655) Compound and simple microscope (Inv. 2664, 3217)
Nuremberg compound microscope (Inv. 3390) Compound microscope (Inv. 3569) Simple microscope, dissecting (Inv. 3324) Compound microscope (Inv. 3798)
Compound microscope, pocket (Inv. 2653) Compound microscope (Inv. 3259) Simple microscope, dissecting (Inv. 3089) Compound microscope, binocular (Inv. 3258)
Simple microscope, botanic (Inv. 2658) Compound microscope (Inv. 2651) Compound microscope (Inv. 3327) Compound microscope (Inv. 3301)
Compound microscope (Inv. 3283) Binocular head (Inv. 3284) Compound microscope (Inv. 3282) Compound microscope (Inv. 3268)
Compound microscope (Inv. 3287) Compound microscope (Inv. 3281) Compound microscope, aquarium (Inv. 2670) Compound microscope (Inv. 3276, 3280)
Simple microscope, dissecting (Inv. 3288) Compound microscope (Inv. 3799) Compound microscope, dissecting (Inv. 2648) Compound microscope, demonstration (Inv. 3208)
Compound microscope (Inv. 3635) Compound microscope, demonstration (Inv. 2672) Compound microscope (Inv. 3172) Compound microscope (Inv. 3260)
Reflecting microscope (Inv. 3200) Reflecting microscope (Inv. 3171) Reflecting microscope (Inv. 3209) Compound microscope (Inv. 3203)
Compound microscope (Inv. 3201) Compound microscope (Inv. 2649) Compound microscope (Inv. 3238) Compound microscope (Inv. 3385)
Compound microscope (Inv. 3223, 2662) Compound microscope (Inv. 2663) Compound microscope (Inv. 2660) Compound microscope (Inv. 3241)
Compound microscope (Inv. 2661) Compound microscope (Inv. 3267) Compound microscope, binocular (Inv. 2659) Compound microscope, inverted (Inv. 2655 bis)
Microspectroscope (Inv. 3290) Microspectroscope (Inv. 3292) Hot stage (Inv. 3307) Camera lucida (Inv. 3325)
Camera lucida (Inv. 3315) Compound microscope (Inv. 3430)        
  © 1995-2010 IMSS  Piazza dei Giudici 1  50122 Florence   ITALY