Ugolino Caccini, better known as Ugolino da Montecatini, took a degree in medicine at Bologna in 1367. He practised the medical profession first at Montecatini, his native city, and then at the nearby Pescia. He was then physician to Pietro Gambacorti, lord of the city of Pisa. After various vicissitudes, he moved to Lucca in 1398. He was a close friend of the famous Florentine chancellor Coluccio Salutati. At the death of the latter he entered the service of Pandolfo Malatesta, the lord of Pesaro. From Pesaro he moved to Cittą di Castello, where in 1417 he presented the famous Tractatus de Balneis, by many considered the first treatise on medical hydrology. From 1419 to 1421 he taught in the capacity of master at the University of Perugia Faculty of Medicine. He then returned to Montecatini, later moving to Florence, where he died in 1425.