Founded in 1998, the Museum is located in the ancient Pilgrim's Tavern. It collects materials of different kinds, coming from different disciplines, and is therefore divided into various sections: Geology and Palaentology, Environment and History, Archaeology, the Padule di Fucecchio, the Grand-ducal Farms, Monsummano from Sanctuary to City, Religious Art and Popular Religion, the Treasure of Maria Santissima della Fontenuova, Valdinievole "Felix", Thermal Baths, Production and Industry. The basic themes of the exhibition are the interaction between mankind and the environment, and the forms of territorial organisation that have prevailed over the course of time until today.

In particular, the geo-palaeontological collection contains fossils and rock samples from the hills of Monsummano, with specific attention to the marbles utilised in some famous architectural works. The cartographic collection includes a series of original historical charts and an atlas, dating from the 18th and 19th centuries, which anticipate by several decades the geometric maps of the Land Office plots made under the Tuscan Grand Duchy, as well as numerous reproductions of maps and charts from the 16th and 17th centuries. The latter document the environmental changes brought about by projects for controlling water courses and draining the swamps of Fucecchio. Numerous tools and photographs illustrate the working methods and production cycles linked to fishing, to harvesting palaustrine plants and to manufacturing shoes. Noteworthy are two boats for navigating through the swamps: the "barchino" (little boat) and the "barcone" or "navicello", a larger craft.

The Museum represents the first core around which will be organised the Valdinievole Museum system, constituting the educational centre for itineraries devoted to the cultural assets of the area.