The thermal baths of Montepulciano were studied by Andrea Bacci in his treatise De Thermis (1571). They were studied later by, among others, the naturalist Giorgio Santi and by Antonio Targioni Tozzetti, one of the most attentive nineteenth-century observers of thermal baths. The water, utilised for thermal treatments, comes from two springs called Acqua di Sant'Albino, from which it is taken by means of wells about 132 meters deep, and then channeled to avoid exposing it to contact with the air, so that its therapeutic qualities remain intact. It is sulphureous-bicarbonate water at a temperature of around 20 o C. To the left of the thermal establishment, in a fenced-off area, can be seen muddy ponds bubbling with carbonic and sulphureous gases.

In the town of Sant'Albino, not far from the baths, is also found a spring called Fonte di Bellezza, whose waters are conveyed to a warm-water swimming pool. The water from this spring, rich in calcareous salts, has a temperature of around 24 o C.